本文运用DEA-Malmquist模型,从时序发展及区域异质性特征两个视角对新疆农机购置补贴政策执行后的效率和全要素生产率发展变化予以测度。结果表明:(1)从时序发展视角来看,新疆在2004年—2014年农机购置补贴政策实施样本期内的综合技术效率(TE)逐年得到提升,关键在于规模效率(SE)提高的有利驱使;且样本期间补贴政策执行后的全要素生产率(TFP)也基本呈上升态势,年均上升3.4%,其中技术进步年均提升3%,是新疆农机购置补贴政策运行全要素生产率逐年上升的主要驱动力。(2)从区域差异分布来看,新疆各地州(市)综合技术效率值存在明显差异性,使其呈散状式分布,主要原因在于规模效率的区域差异化;此外,北疆各地区补贴政策实施全要素生产率增长速度明显高于东疆、南疆地区,而制约南疆地区补贴政策实施效率提高的主要原因是技术进步发展缓慢。为此,新疆有必要适时调整政策导向,在加大农机购置补贴力度的基础上,进一步提升区域间的协调发展,以为实现新疆农业现代化奠定坚实的基础。
This paper uses DEA model and Malmquist model to attempt to measure the efficiency and the development of total factor productivity of Xinjiang agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy from the two perspectives of time sequence development and regional heterogeneity. The results show that: (1) From the perspective of time series development, the overall technical efficiency (TE) of Xinjiang policy implementation within the sample period from 2004 to 2014 has improved year by year, the key driving force lies in the favorable drive of the scale efficiency (SE) increase. Similarly, the TFP (Total Factor Productivity) within the sample period also basically showed an upward trend with an average annual increase of 3.4%.And the technological progress with an average annual increase of 3% was the main driving force of its increasing year by year.(2) From the distribution of regional differences, there exist significant differences of the comprehensive technical efficiency value in all parts of Xinjiang province (city), making it a bulk type distribution.The main reason lies in the scale efficiency of regional differences.In addition, the TFP growth rate of subsidy policy implementation in northern area was significantly higher than that of eastern and southern regions in Xinjiang. Yet the main factors restricting the efficiency of the implementation of the subsidy policy in southern region lied in the slow development of technology progress.Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the guide effect of the policy for Xinjiang. On the basis of increasing the purchase of agricultural subsidies, it needs to further enhance the coordinated development between regions in order to lay a solid foundation to realize the agricultural modernization in Xinjiang.
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