“双创”背景下，深入研究创业生态系统对创业活力的影响及作用机制具有重要意义。文章将创业生态系统分为直接参与主体、间接参与主体、创业环境3个构成部分，构建相应的评价指标体系，基于2015—2019年我国创新创业活跃度较高的96个大中城市面板数据，测度创业生态系统不同构成部分的发展水平，并建立空间计量模型探究创业生态系统对创业活力的直接和间接影响机制。结果显示：城市创业生态系统3个构成部分的发展水平存在明显差异，城市创业活力表现出空间集聚特征；直接主体参与度、间接主体参与度、创业环境均对城市创业活力具有显著的正向影响，创业生态系统的演进与完善可直接提升区域创业活力；中介效应检验结果显示，区域创新效应是创业生态系统间接促进创业活力提升的重要机制。

In the background of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation era", it is of great significance to explore the impact of entrepreneurial ecosystem on entrepreneurial vitality and its mechanism. The specific composition of entrepreneurial ecosystem is divided into direct participants, indirect participants and entrepreneurial environment, and the corresponding evaluation index system is constructed. Based on the panel data of 96 cities with high innovation and entrepreneurship activity in China from 2015 to 2019, the development level of different components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem is measured, and a spatial econometric model is established to explore the direct and indirect impact mechanism of the entrepreneurial ecosystem on entrepreneurial vitality. The results show that there are obvious differences in the development level of the three components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in different cities, and the entrepreneurial vitality of cities shows the characteristics of spatial agglomeration. Direct subject participation, indirect subject participation and entrepreneurial environment index all have a significant positive impact on urban entrepreneurial vitality. The evolution and improvement of entrepreneurial ecosystem can directly enhance regional entrepreneurial vitality. On the basis of intermediary effect model test, it is found that the regional innovation effect is an important mechanism for the entrepreneurial ecosystem to indirectly promote entrepreneurial vitality.