文章以全国相对贫困治理探索先行省广东为例，基于培训缓解农户相对贫困和促进共同富裕的作用机理，从可行能力视角分析了培训缓解农户相对贫困模式的特点及实践约束。研究发现：政府主导培训缓解农户相对贫困模式主要通过增加资源获取机会、提升抗风险能力等路径发挥作用，存在培训效率低、精准度不高的关键约束；高校主导培训缓解农户相对贫困模式主要通过提升职业能力、增加资源获取机会等路径发挥作用，存在与贫困户需求匹配度不高、内容缺乏创新的关键约束；社会组织主导培训缓解农户相对贫困模式主要通过提升社会参与能力这一路径发挥作用，存在运作成本高、培训资金有限的关键约束；企业主导培训缓解农户相对贫困模式主要通过提升职业能力和抗风险能力等路径发挥作用，存在培训持续性不强、师资力量不足的关键约束。对标共同富裕目标，未来我国相对贫困治理应综合考虑不同主体主导培训缓解农户相对贫困模式的特点及其实践约束，注重多主体组合，发挥各主体主导培训的比较优势，探索适合本地实际的相对贫困治理模式。

Taking Guangdong Province as an example, based on the mechanism of training in alleviating relative poverty of farmers and promoting common prosperity, this paper analyzes the mode characteristics and practical constraints of training in alleviating relative poverty of farmers from the perspective of feasible ability. The results show that the government-led training mode to alleviate relative poverty of farmers mainly plays a role by increasing resource access opportunities and improving anti-risk ability, and there are key constraints such as low training efficiency and low accuracy. The mode of university-led training to alleviate relative poverty of rural households mainly plays a role through improving vocational ability and increasing resource access opportunities, and there are key constraints such as mismatch with the needs of poor households and lack of innovation in content. The mode of social organization-led training to alleviate the relative poverty of farmers mainly plays a role through improving the ability of social participation, which has the key constraints of high operation cost and limited training funds. The enterprise-led training mode to alleviate the relative poverty of farmers mainly plays a role by improving vocational ability and anti-risk ability, and there are key constraints such as weak training continuity and insufficient teachers. According to the goal of common prosperity, China's relative poverty governance should comprehensively consider the characteristics and practical constraints of different subject-led training modes to alleviate relative poverty of farmers, pay attention to the combination of multi-subjects, give play to the comparative advantages of each subject's leading training, and explore the relative poverty governance mode suitable for local reality.