我国经济进入新常态,提升经济增长集约化水平是实现经济高质量发展的内在要求。财政科技支出作为政府配置科技创新资源、支持技术创新活动的重要手段,对提升我国经济增长集约化水平具有重要影响。本文从理论上揭示了财政科技支出对经济增长集约化水平影响的双重性,并选取1996年—2018年的省级面板数据,构建动态面板模型进行实证检验。研究结果表明:第一,我国财政科技支出提升了经济增长集约化水平;第二,东、中、西部地区财政科技支出对经济增长集约化水平的影响存在差异性,东部地区财政科技支出对经济增长集约化水平具有显著的提升作用,而中、西部地区财政科技支出对经济增长集约化水平的影响则不显著。为进一步提高我国科技创新效率,促进经济增长方式转型升级,今后要适度扩大财政科技支出规模,优化财政科技支出投入结构,适度加大对中、西部地区的中央转移支付力度,不断完善地方政府财政科技支出的约束机制和监督机制。
As China's economy has entered a period of new normal, enhancing the intensive level of economic growth is an inherent requirement of achieving high-quality economic growth. As an important means for the government to allocate scientific and technological innovation resources as well as support the technological innovation activities, financial expenditure on science and technology has an important impact on improving the intensive level of China's economic growth. However, few literatures have paid attention to this issue. This paper theoretically reveals the dual impacts of fiscal science and technology expenditure on the intensive level of economic growth, and adopts the provincial panel data from 1996 to 2018 to construct a dynamic panel model for empirical testing. The results show that, firstly, China's fiscal expenditure on science and technology promotes the intensive level of economic growth; secondly, fiscal science and technology expenditure in the eastern, central and western regions has different policy effects on the intensive level of economic growth. Fiscal science and technology expenditure in the eastern region has played a significant role in promoting the intensive level of economic growth, while fiscal science and technology expenditure in the central and western regions has no significant impact on the intensive level of economic growth. In order to enhance the efficiency of China's scientific and technological innovation as well as promoting the transformation of economic growth mode, it is suggested to appropriately expand the scale of fiscal expenditure on science and technology, optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure on science and technology, moderately strengthen the central transfer payments to the middle and west regions as well as constantly improve the constraint mechanism and supervision mechanism of local government financial expenditure on science and technology.
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