新发展格局下，探究省域外贸竞争力的地区差异与时空演变，对促进外贸区域协调发展具有重要意义。文章通过建立中国省域外贸竞争力综合评价体系，对2013—2021年中国东部、中部和西部地区30个省、自治区、直辖市的外贸竞争力进行测度与分析。研究发现：2013—2021年，我国省域外贸竞争力不断提升，但省际差距较大，马太效应显著；东部地区与西部地区之间的外贸竞争力差距最大，中部地区与西部地区之间的外贸竞争力差距最小；东部、中部、西部地区区域内部均存在中心区域引领其他区域对外贸易发展的情况；东部、西部地区区域内部外贸竞争力均存在轻微的两极分化现象；省域外贸竞争力在空间上呈正相关性，且以低水平集聚为主。

Under the new development pattern, exploring the regional differences and spatio-temporal evolution of provincial foreign trade competitiveness has far-reaching significance for promoting regional coordination and foreign trade development. Therefore, this paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation system for provincial foreign trade competitiveness in China and uses entropy method, Dagum Gini coefficient and other methods to study the provincial foreign trade competitiveness of 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2021. It is found that the overall competitiveness of foreign trade is constantly improving, but the inter-provincial gap is still large, and the "Matthew effect" is significant. The differences mainly come from three regions, of which the gap between the eastern and western regions is the largest, while the gap between the central and western regions is the smallest; within the eastern, central, and western regions, there is a situation where the central areas lead the development of foreign trade in other areas; there is a slight polarization phenomenon in the foreign trade competitiveness within the eastern and western regions. Provincial foreign trade competitiveness exhibits positive spatial correlation, with low-level agglomeration being predominant.