作为现代经济增长的重要形态，数字经济发展改变了劳动力在三次产业中的就业比重，使传统就业结构发生改变。文章基于2011—2021年我国省级面板数据，构建数字经济指标体系，从学历层面与产业层面探究数字经济对我国就业结构的影响。研究结果表明：数字经济能够优化我国劳动力就业结构，更换核心解释变量度量方法进行稳健性检验后，以上结论依然成立；从学历层面来看，数字经济对东部和中部地区就业结构优化的影响显著，对东北和西部地区就业结构优化的影响有限；从产业层面来看，数字经济对四大板块就业结构优化的影响均显著。今后应进一步发挥数字经济优化就业结构的作用，落实劳动力转移的保障措施，提高数字经济产业的劳动力福利水平；加大数字经济专业在高校学科专业中的设置力度，持续拓宽劳动力提升学历的渠道；因地制宜，在区域内进行有效的帮扶与合作。

As an important form of modern economic growth, the development of digital economy has changed the proportion of labor in the three industries and transformed the traditional employment structure. Based on China’s provincial panel data from 2011 to 2021, this paper systematically constructs a digital economy indicator system and adopts a fixed effect model to study China’s employment structure from the level of education and industry. The results show that the digital economy can optimize the employment structure of the labor force in China, and the above conclusions are still robust after the robustness test by replacing the core explanatory variables. From the educational level, the digital economy has a significant impact on the employment structure in the eastern and central regions, and a limited impact on the employment structure in the northeast and western regions. From the perspective of industry, the digital economy has a significant impact on the employment structure of the four sectors. In the future, it is of necessity to further play the role of the digital economy in optimizing the employment structure, implement the safeguard measures of labor transfer, and improve the welfare level of the labor force in the digital economy industry or industry. The digital economy major should be set up more vigorously in the academic disciplines of colleges and universities, and the channels for the labor force to improve their academic qualifications should be continuously expanded. Effective assistance and cooperation should be carried out in the region according to local conditions.