“The Silk Road Economic Belt” and “Post-Soviet Space” are closely related. Through political, diplomatic and economic relationship structure analysis, national spectral sequence is found in the national relationship with Russia as the center, and mostly political diplomatic relations of the Eurasian Economic Union members are close to Russia. On this basis, more attention should be paid to such factor as competition in exploring the overlapping “Silk Road Economic Belt” and “Post-Soviet Space”, and then discussing how to carry out economic cooperation between China and Russia and Central Asian countries, which is the “problem oriented consciousness” indispensable to constructing “the Silk Road Economic Belt”.