Both China and Kazakhstan are large agricultural countries. It is of great significance to analyze the growth path of agricultural trade between China and Kazakhstan to expand export scale and deepen agricultural cooperation. Based on CEPII Database 2008-2017 Trade data of agricultural products between China and Kazakhstan, this paper measures the contribution of expansion margin, price margin and quantity margin to the growth of bilateral agricultural exports. The results show that the expansion margin of China's agricultural exports to Kazakhstan remains at a high level, the price margin keeps increasing, and the quantity margin shows the trend of "increasing and decreasing alternately". The expansion margin of Kazakhstan's export of agricultural products to China has increased significantly, and the price margin and quantity margin show the trend of "W" and "inverted V" respectively. Its export growth is mainly due to the expansion of categories. Therefore, China and Kazakhstan should actively expand the types and quantity of agricultural products exported, accelerate the pace of "going global" in Chinese agriculture and promote high-quality development of bilateral agricultural trade.