This paper analyzes the economic development of Xihu town in Wusu city by analyzing the research on the transfer of rural surplus labor force in Xinjiang in recent ten years and the literature review. Based on the field survey data of 200 farmers in Xihu town of Wusu City, The structural equation model is used to analyze the factors that affect the transfer of rural surplus labor force. The results show that the social environment, the employment environment and the policy environment have a significant positive impact on the transfer of rural surplus labor force in Wusu City, and the rural economic development and personal factors have negative influence on the transfer of rural surplus labor force. According to the analysis results, this paper focuses on the current situation of rural surplus labor force transfer in Xinjiang, and draws an important conclusion and gives suggestions and countermeasures in connection with the actual situation.