Since the independence of Central Asian countries, international cooperation has been actively developed in the process of globalization and regional integration. On the whole, as a result of less participation in the global division of labor, regionalization clearly occupies the main status of foreign cooperation in Central Asian countries. However, most transportation lines in these countries followed those in Soviet times, not only the equipment and lines need to be further improved and regional trade is also affected, both the scale and the benefit are on a low level. The future Central Asia transportation development planning is of great concern to China and Russia and other neighboring countries and there is a more complicated competition and cooperation. When it comes to China’s“Silk Road Economic Belt”strategy, it is of importance to actively carry out cooperation with Central Asian countries. Therefore, it is necessary to make a comprehensive and objective analysis of the prospects.