Kazakhstan is the biggest country trading with China in the five counties in central Asia, it is also the most important country opening to the west in the“Silk Roads Economic Belt”strategy. According to the Standard International Trade Classification of industrial products, this paper studied the trade structure of industrial products in these two countries respectively by using trade competitiveness index and index of term of trade and finally found that the export of industrial products from China to Kazakhstan mainly focused on labor intensive products and the import from Kazakhstan primarily is the raw material of industrial products; the trade structure is seriously imbalanced.However,by selecting data from the year 2005 to 2014, and using OLS model to analyze empirically, it indicates that the industrial products’ export structure is optimizing. Therefore, in future, it is of necessity to seize the opportunity of implementing“One Belt”Strategy to promote the cooperation in infrastructure construction, upstream and downstream industries and manufacturing industry between two countries, improve the technological level of industrial products in China, promote the export of sub-sectors of industrial manufacturing to keep a balance development of the two countries’ trade structure.