Kazakhstan is the most important trade partner to China.This paper mainly analyzes the foreign trade structure and competitiveness of Kazakhstan and finds that Kazakhstan export commodity are mainly primary products, its import commodity are mainly manufactured goods, and the most competitive export commodity among primary products are fossil fuels, lubricating oil and relevant raw materials. Integrating the analysis of import and export commodity structure, it puts forward the countermeasures to optimize the trade structure of the two countries, that is, China should expand its import of energy and minerals from Kazakhstan, increase its export of manufactured goods to Kazakhstan, and employ trade-and-investment driven model to enlarge the export scale of manufactured goods of two countries.