This paper analyzes the scale and structure of China's OFDI in Kazakhstan. The study shows that the investment scale has steadily increased, and the investment structure has improved. But China's OFDI in Kazakhstan face some problems and challenges,including investment fields are relative concentrated and investment body are not reasonable, and “the new colonialism” thought spread in Kazakhstan, and poor business environment. The findings suggest policy recommendations for government and enterprises that they should expand the investment in non resource sectors, and revise the national and enterprise image, and urge the improvement of the investment environment through multilateral or regional economic integration mechanism, and speed up the construction of industry parks in Kazakhstan.