For the destination residents in poor areas, taking part in poverty alleviation actively through tourism is a powerful measure to implement the national targeted poverty alleviation strategy, realize poverty alleviation through industry and enrich the people through industry. In this study, residents in Hotan area of Xinjiang are taken as the research object. The Structural Equation Model （SEM） is applied to study the interaction mechanism between tourism benefits, influence perception and behavioral intention of community residents. The results show that tourism benefits have a significant impact on the tourism positive perception of destination residents, but not a significant effect on the perception of negative impact. Tourism benefits have a significant positive impact on the intention to participate in tourism poverty alleviation, and the direct impact effect is 74.4%. Perception of tourism's positive influence significantly affects tourism's intention to participate in poverty alleviation, and the indirect mediating effect on tourism benefits affects tourism's intention to participate in poverty alleviation is 25.6%. Perception of negative impact of tourism has a significant negative effect on participation intention of tourism poverty alleviation, but has no significant mediating effect. In poor areas, tourism development plans should be formulated in a scientific way to combine tourism development with local residents' benefits, enhance residents' perception of positive impact of tourism by enhancing their sense of gain, and then actively participate in tourism poverty alleviation to achieve poverty alleviation and wealth.
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