China and Pakistan are both traditional agricultural countries and important trading partners. This paper selects the relevant data from 2006 to 2018 to conduct an empirical study on the competitiveness advantage and export growth effect of China-Brazil agricultural trade. The research shows that in 2018, China's agricultural trade competitiveness has a weak comparative advantage and competitive advantage, while that of Pakistan has a strong comparative advantage and a weak competitive advantage, and both bilateral agricultural trade has a large potential advantage. From 2010 to 2018, the growth effect of China's agricultural exports on Pakistan increased rapidly, while the growth effect of Pakistan's agricultural exports on China changed little. In the early stage, China's agricultural export trade to Pakistan is mainly affected by the negative effects of industrial structure and price competition effect, while in the later stage, it is affected by the positive effects of price competition effect. Pakistan's export trade of agricultural products to China is negatively affected by industrial structure effect in the early stage and price competition effect in the late stage.