This paper regards "the Belt and Road" Initiative as a quasi -natural experiment and uses the difference-in-difference model to study the impact of "the Belt and Road" Initiative on Chinese household consumption upgrading. The result illustrates that "the Belt and Road" Initiative has significantly boosted China's household consumption structure from survival to development and enjoyment. The above conclusion is still robust after changing the explanatory variables that measure consumption structure. Additionally, "the Belt and Road" Initiative is mainly driven by the increase in the proportion of consumption expenditure for medical care consumption, while the impact on consumption of transportation,communications, culture, education and entertainment is positive, but it is not significant during the sample period. Furthermore, "the Belt and Road" Initiative is mainly to promote the change of urban residents' consumption structure from survival to development and enjoyment, however, it has a greater effect on rural residents in reducing food consumption expenditure. All in all, this paper expands the research framework of "he Belt and Road" Initiative policy and the realization of domestic and international double circulation in the post-epidemic era, which may be a good reference for follow-up policy decision-making.