The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that Chinese path to modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all people. We should improve the distribution system, adhere to the principle of distribution according to work and the coexistence of multiple distribution methods, realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, and firmly promote common prosperity. Based on the theories of income distribution, this paper puts forward the concept of the fourth income distribution, and explores the path to achieve Chinese path to modernization and common prosperity through income distribution based on the primary distribution, supplemented by redistribution, and encouraged the development of the third and fourth distribution. The fourth distribution based on China's poverty alleviation practice is effective supplements to the third distribution. Improving income distribution is of great significance to consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and promoting common prosperity.Keywords: the fourth distribution; Chinese path to modernization; common prosperity; distribution system