Based on the sample data of 61 countries along "the Belt and Road" from 2005 to 2019, this paper analyzes the current situation of China's export of mechanical and electrical products to the countries along "the Belt and Road", and empirically studies the influencing factors and export potential of China's export of mechanical and electrical products to the countries along "the Belt and Road" through the expanded gravity model. The findings are as follows: First, the export scale of China's mechanical and electrical products to the countries along "the Belt and Road" has been growing continuously. In terms of market categories, China's mechanical and electrical products are mainly exported to countries with strong complementarity with China's mechanical and electrical products trade, and in the product category, mainly electrical, electronic, mechanical equipment and other technical mechanical and electrical products. Second, China's GDP, importing country's GDP, importing country's political and social stability have a significant promoting effect on China's export of mechanical and electrical products to countries along "the Belt and Road", while the population size ratio of the two countries has an insignificant inhibiting effect. Third, among the export potential of China's mechanical and electrical products to 61 countries along "the Belt and Road", 28 countries belong to potential re-modeling, 9 countries belong to pioneering potential, and 24 countries belong to great potential. In the future, we should continue to further promote "the Belt and Road" Initiative, strengthen the demonstrated comparative advantages of the electromechanical industry, strengthen the integration of enterprise resources and investment in scientific research, and promote the high-quality development of the Chinese economy.