It is of great significance to explore the evolution of the trade network of Chinese herbal medicines between China and the countries along the Belt and Road for the construction of the human health community. By selecting trading data of Chinese medicinal materials between China and the countries along the Belt and Road from 2011 to 2020, the paper clarifies the evolution of trade network relationships of Chinese medicinal materials between China and the countries along the Belt and Road and the status and role of China in this trade network. The results show that China is in the central position in the Belt and Road Chinese medicinal materials trade network, and the total import and export trade of Chinese medicinal materials shows a fluctuating trend; the trade links of Chinese medicinal materials among countries jointly building the Belt and Road have gradually increased; GDP scale, border distance, language and other factors will have an impact on the trade relationship between the two countries. In the future, it is of necessity to continue to expand the import and export trade of Chinese medicinal materials with countries jointly building the Belt and Road, build an exclusive international logistics channel and personnel training system for Chinese medicinal materials, promote the culture of Chinese medicine, and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with countries jointly building the Belt and Road.