In the context of China's carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the low-carbon logistics efficiency along the Silk Road Economic Belt has become an issue worth studying. This study selected data from provinces along the Silk Road Economic Belt from 2010 to 2020, analyzed their low-carbon logistics efficiency from both static and dynamic perspectives by using three-stage DEA and global Malmquist index and analyzed its influencing factors by using Tobit regression. The research has found that excellent regional technological level can effectively reduce redundancy in low-carbon logistics investment, and a reasonable industrial structure can effectively reduce waste of manpower investment. The overall low-carbon logistics efficiency along the Silk Road Economic Belt shows a wave like development trend. The integration of infrastructure construction, import value of goods, and energy utilization all play a role in promoting low-carbon logistics efficiency. Traditional infrastructure construction and purely new-type infrastructure have an inhibitory effect on low-carbon logistics efficiency. In the future, it is of great necessity to actively promote the digital transformation of the traditional logistics industry, further optimize the energy structure, and promote the high-quality development of low-carbon logistics.