Taking the survey data of 1385 families in the most impoverished contiguous areas in southern Xinjiang as an example, the paper studies the impact of rural vocational skills training on the risk of returning to poverty by using PSM method. The findings show that, currently, the frequency of vocational skills training participation among farmers is relatively low, and their risk of returning to poverty is also at a lower level. While implementing rural vocational skills training can effectively reduce farmers' risk of falling back into poverty, it demonstrates diminishing marginal effects. Additionally, the poverty prevention process exhibits an anti-opportunity pursuit phenomenon. Furthermore, the preventive effect of rural vocational skills training on farmers' poverty recurrence risk shows significant multidimensional heterogeneity across different dimensions. At this stage, it is recommended to prioritize the cultivation of rural non-agricultural planting industries. Guided by the technical talent demands of these industries, more targeted vocational skills training should be implemented. This approach will not only effectively reduce farmers' risk of falling back into poverty but also vigorously promote rural revitalization. It facilitates the effective integration of consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation achievements with rural development strategies, ultimately establishing an endogenous mechanism for sustainable poverty eradication.