The results of the evaluation and spatiotemporal evolution analysis of local fiscal efficiency in China's Xinjiang from 2012 to 2021 show that there are significant regional differences in the comprehensive technical efficiency of fiscal expenditure among different regions in Xinjiang in the new era. In 2021, only 3 out of 14 regions in Xinjiang achieved DEA effectiveness in comprehensive technical efficiency of fiscal expenditure, while the rest of the regions showed DEA inefficiency and a clear trend of diminishing returns to scale. At the level of dynamic evolution, the total factor productivity of fiscal expenditure in various regions of Xinjiang shows a significant downward trend, and changes in comprehensive technological efficiency and technological progress are important reasons for the fluctuations. Over time, there is a possibility of local fiscal expenditure efficiency in Xinjiang shifting to the next neighboring region, but it is difficult to achieve a leapfrog transfer; At the spatial level, the number of regions that experienced efficiency leaps during the observation period was 10, while 4 regions maintained stable efficiency. Among them, the fiscal expenditure efficiency of various regions in the northern slope of the Tianshan Economic Belt had a strong regional driving effect, while the four southern Xinjiang prefectures showed a significant low-level spatial differentiation trend.