With the expansion of agricultural insurance coverage, the drawbacks of traditional manual loss assessment methods in agricultural insurance have become increasingly apparent. In this context, the low-altitude economy, leveraging its advantages of standardization and efficiency in loss assessment operations, provides strong support for the high-quality development of agricultural insurance and the process of agricultural modernization. This paper systematically reviews and analyzes the current standards related to the low-altitude economy and agricultural insurance loss assessment, and comprehensively explores the technical adaptation pathways and application strategies of the low-altitude economy in this field, using cases such as floods in Yunnan and snow disasters in Nanjing. Traditional manual loss assessment methods in agricultural insurance suffer from issues such as low efficiency, poor accuracy, and high costs. Although the low-altitude economy can effectively alleviate these problems, it still faces practical challenges in application, including limited drone endurance, insufficient data processing capabilities, cumbersome airspace application procedures, and poor industrial integration. Accordingly, a standardized system for agricultural insurance loss assessment centered on “technology-operational processes-data-security” should be established, with efforts focused on strengthening technological innovation, optimizing policy regulation, and promoting industrial collaboration. This will systematically enhance the modernization level and service efficiency of agricultural insurance loss assessment.