Regional economic resilience refers to the ability of an economy to anticipate and adapt to shocks, achieve stable recovery and sustainable development. The rapid development of new quality productive forces has a certain impact on the enhancement of regional economic resilience. This paper incorporates new quality productive forces into the analytical framework of regional economic resilience, reveals the mechanism through which these forces influence regional economic resilience, and analyzes the spatial effects of that influence. The research findings show that both new quality productive forces and regional economic resilience have significant spatial autocorrelation. New quality productive forces positively affect the economic resilience of neighboring regions through spatial effects, enhance regional economic resilience by increasing the degree of marketization and deliver stronger resilience gains in eastern and central China with high population density. In the future, efforts should be made to increase the cultivation and investment in new quality productive forces, develop new quality productive forces in a differentiated manner based on regional heterogeneity through differentiated strategies to fully leverage the spatial effects of new quality productive forces, promote coordinated cooperation among regions, and empower high-quality economic development.