Promoting high-quality development of social work is vital to national economy, people's livelihoods, and social stability. This paper constructs an evaluation index system for the high-quality development of social work, uses the entropy method to evaluate the development level of social work in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in China from 2018 to 2023. The results show that the high-quality development of social work in China is getting better and better, but the overall level is relatively low, and the main constraints are the ability of social workers and the conditions of facilities. In terms of balance, the level of high-quality development of social work in China shows a decreasing trend from the eastern, central to the western regions, but the imbalance in the high-quality development level of social work among provinces is decreasing, and the regional differences are the most critical factor for the imbalance in the high-quality development of social work. In the future, it is necessary to establish and improve the mechanism and system for promoting the high-quality development of social work in a classified manner, promote the integrated development of the systematization, professionalization and vocationalization of social work, accelerate the improvement of the shortcomings in the ability of social workers, facility conditions, social governance and public services, and further promote the high-quality development of social work.