关键词: 哈萨克斯坦, 纳扎尔巴耶夫, 独联体, 欧亚联盟, 经济结构

Abstract: In the Nazarbayev era, Kazakhstan’s economy has made great progress, ranking second among the CIS countries, only second to Russia. Nazarbayev has been committed to advancing the Eurasian integration initiative for many years and has made Kazakhstan successfully form the Eurasian economic union with Russia, Belarus and other countries. Since its independence, Kazakhstan and Russia have always maintained good relations with close economic and trade exchanges, and kept the exchange rate of its currency, the tengo, in line with the rouble for a long time. Kazakhstan’s economy is characterized by total growth, but it lags behind in employment and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and its industrial structure needs to be adjusted. The difference between north and south in regional structure has been alleviated, but the development path of resource-based economy needs to be improved gradually. However, abundant natural resources have funded years of active fiscal policy.

Key words: Kazakhstan, Nazarbayev, The CIS （Commonwealth of Independent States）, Eurasian Union, The Economic Structure