公共支出会影响一国的人力资本、技术水平、资源配置、企业竞争力，进而影响一国的贸易结构与国际分工地位。文章分析了公共支出对国际分工地位的影响机理，并在此基础上引入出口技术复杂度作为国际分工地位的代理变量，基于2009—2019年21国跨国面板数据实证研究公共支出对国际分工地位的影响。研究结果表明：首先，一国公共支出规模的扩大能够促进出口技术复杂度提升，从而提升该国的国际分工地位。其次，公共支出中的建设性支出、社会保障支出、科技支出增加均能显著促进出口技术复杂度提升；公共支出中的管理支出增加会抑制出口技术复杂度提升。基于此，今后我国应适当扩大公共支出规模、优化公共支出结构、提高公共支出效率，从而提升我国国际分工地位。

Public expenditure can affect a country's human capital, technological level, resource allocation, and corporate competitiveness, thereby affecting a country's trade structure and international division of labor status. The paper analyzes the impact mechanism of public expenditure on international division of labor status, and introduces export technology complexity as a proxy variable for international division of labor status. Based on cross-border panel data from 21 countries from 2009 to 2019, the paper empirically studies the impact of public expenditure on international division of labor status. The research results indicate that, firstly, the expansion of a country's public expenditure scale can promote the complexity of export technology, thereby enhancing status of the country's international division of labor. Secondly, constructive expenditure, social security expenditure, and technology expenditure in public expenditure can significantly promote the increase in export technology complexity. The management expenditure in public expenditure will suppress the increase in export technology complexity. Based on this, in the future, China should appropriately expand the scale of public expenditure, optimize the structure of public expenditure, and improve the efficiency of public expenditure, in order to enhance the status of China's international division of labor.