Abstract:

Against the backdrop of negative population growth and persistently low fertility rates, exploring the current fertility situation and policies in China is of great significance for promoting long-term balanced and high-quality population development. The paper analyzes changes in China's fertility levels and demographic trends, pointing out key features of the current fertility rate in China, namely, the fertility rate is at an extremely low level, and is still declining, there are significant regional and urban-rural disparities in fertility levels, and the causes of low fertility are complex and diverse. It reviews the evolution and adjustment of China's fertility policy, and based on this, analyzes the framework of the current fertility policy. In this regard, it is proposed to improve the top-level design, enhance the synergy of policies, and build a fertility support policy system that covers the entire life cycle and the entire population. It is also suggested to clarify the main entities responsible for fertility and to reasonably share the costs of childbirth.

Key words: fertility level, evolution of fertility policy, fertility support policies

摘要：

在人口负增长和生育率持续低迷的背景下探究我国当前的生育形势与生育政策，对于促进人口长期均衡发展和高质量发展具有重要意义。文章分析了我国生育水平的变化和生育形势，指出我国当前生育率呈现的几大特点，即生育率处于极低水平、生育率仍在继续下降、生育率水平存在显著的地区和城乡分布差异以及低生育率成因复杂多元，回顾了我国生育政策演变与调整的过程，在此基础上研析了当前生育政策的框架与内容，并提出完善顶层设计、增强政策联动性，构建全生命周期、全人群覆盖的生育支持政策体系，明确生育责任主体、合理分担生育成本等政策建议。

关键词: 生育水平, 生育政策演变, 生育支持政策