Abstract:

Since the World War II, the United States, backed by its strong economic, financial, technological, and military capabilities, has led the establishment of an international monetary system centered around the US dollar - the Bretton Woods system, making important contributions to post-war economic recovery and development. However, this system and its successor (the Jamaican system) were designed from the fundamental interests of Western countries such as the United States, which is unfair to the vast number of developing countries. In addition, the existing international monetary system has always faced inherent contradictions that are difficult to overcome, such as the Triffin problem and the Mundell impossible triangle. When the interests of the United States conflict with those of the international community, the United States will use the power granted by the existing monetary system to create a "dollar tide" and harvest the wealth of other countries. The United States often uses its control over the International System for the Settlement of Funds (SWIFT) to freeze or even deprive other countries of their overseas assets. Based on the inherent unfairness and insurmountable contradictions of this monetary system, this paper analyzes the historical inevitability of reforming the existing international monetary system and proposes strategies for orderly promoting the internationalization of the renminbi.

Key words: Bretton woods system, BRICS payment system, SWIFT system, Triffin dilemma, internationalization of the Renminbi

摘要：

第二次世界大战以来，美国以强大的经济、金融、科技、军事实力为后盾，主导建立了以美元为中心的国际货币体系——布雷顿森林体系，为战后经济恢复和发展作出了重要贡献。但该体系及其继承者（牙买加体系）是从美国等西方国家的根本利益出发设计的，对广大发展中国家不够公平。此外，现有国际货币体系面临难以克服的矛盾，如特里芬难题、蒙代尔不可能三角等。当美国利益与国际社会利益发生冲突时，美国会利用现有货币体系赋予的权利制造美元潮汐，占有他国财富。美国还会利用其对国际资金清算系统的控制权冻结甚至剥夺他国的海外资产。基于这种货币体系存在不公平性和难以克服的固有矛盾，文章分析了改革现有国际货币体系的历史必然性，并提出有序推进人民币国际化的策略。

关键词: 布雷顿森林体系, 金砖支付系统, SWIFT系统, 特里芬难题, 人民币国际化