Artificial intelligence has become a key driver of corporate transformation, with its impact on income distribution increasingly evident and reshaping the landscape. Based on micro-level data from A-share listed companies between 2008 and 2023, this study investigates the effects and mechanisms through which artificial intelligence influences corporate income distribution. The findings reveal that AI exerts a U-shaped nonlinear effect on corporate income distribution, characterized by an initial constraining phase followed by an optimization phase, with this effect being statistically significant across primary, secondary, and tertiary distribution. Artificial intelligence promotes human capital upgrading, drives structural transformation in labor forces, and enhances resource allocation efficiency, thereby indirectly exerting an inverted U-shaped nonlinear influence on income distribution. Moreover, the U-shaped impact of AI is more pronounced among firms with high operating profit margins, technology-driven enterprises, and those located in regions with strong innovation capacity. In the future, phased support mechanisms should be improved, an income distribution system centered on skill enhancement should be established, and differentiated AI empowerment strategies implemented to foster AI development and promote rationalization of corporate income distribution.